%PDF-1.2 6 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (chapter*.3) >> endobj 8 0 obj (Preface) endobj 10 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section*.5) >> endobj 12 0 obj (1 \040 Introduction) endobj 14 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.1.1) >> endobj 16 0 obj (1.1 Textual Question Answering System Architecture) endobj 18 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.1.1.1) >> endobj 20 0 obj (1.1.1 The General Architecture) endobj 22 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.1.1.2) >> endobj 24 0 obj (1.1.2 Question Analysis) endobj 26 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.1.1.3) >> endobj 28 0 obj (1.1.3 Document Retrieval) endobj 30 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.1.1.4) >> endobj 32 0 obj (1.1.4 Document Analysis) endobj 34 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.1.1.5) >> endobj 36 0 obj (1.1.5 Answer Selection) endobj 38 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.1.2) >> endobj 40 0 obj (1.2 Question Answering at TREC) endobj 42 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.1.3) >> endobj 44 0 obj (1.3 Research Questions) endobj 46 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.1.4) >> endobj 48 0 obj (1.4 Outline of the Thesis) endobj 50 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section*.12) >> endobj 52 0 obj (2 \040 Theoretical and Practical Approaches to Question Answering) endobj 54 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.2.1) >> endobj 56 0 obj (2.1 Formal Semantics of Question Answering) endobj 58 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.1.1) >> endobj 60 0 obj (2.1.1 Hamblin's Postulates) endobj 62 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.1.2) >> endobj 64 0 obj (2.1.2 Completeness and Distinctness) endobj 66 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.1.3) >> endobj 68 0 obj (2.1.3 Informativeness) endobj 70 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.2.2) >> endobj 72 0 obj (2.2 Psychological Modeling of Question Answering) endobj 74 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.2.1) >> endobj 76 0 obj (2.2.1 Question Interpretation) endobj 78 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.2.2) >> endobj 80 0 obj (2.2.2 Question Categorization) endobj 82 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.2.3) >> endobj 84 0 obj (2.2.3 Knowledge Structure Procedures) endobj 86 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.2.4) >> endobj 88 0 obj (2.2.4 Answer Articulation) endobj 90 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.2.5) >> endobj 92 0 obj (2.2.5 Discussion) endobj 94 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.2.3) >> endobj 96 0 obj (2.3 Practical Approaches to Question Answering) endobj 98 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.3.1) >> endobj 100 0 obj (2.3.1 Database-Oriented Systems) endobj 102 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.3.2) >> endobj 104 0 obj (2.3.2 Text-Based Systems) endobj 106 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.2.3.3) >> endobj 108 0 obj (2.3.3 Inference-Based Systems) endobj 110 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.2.4) >> endobj 112 0 obj (2.4 Discussion) endobj 113 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.2.4) >> endobj 115 0 obj (3 \040 Document Retrieval as Pre-Fetching) endobj 117 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.3.1) >> endobj 119 0 obj (3.1 Related Work) endobj 121 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.3.2) >> endobj 123 0 obj (3.2 Experimental Setup) endobj 125 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.2.1) >> endobj 127 0 obj (3.2.1 Test Data) endobj 129 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.2.2) >> endobj 131 0 obj (3.2.2 Document Retrieval Approaches) endobj 133 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.2.3) >> endobj 135 0 obj (3.2.3 Evaluation Measures) endobj 137 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.2.4) >> endobj 139 0 obj (3.2.4 Statistical Significance) endobj 141 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.3.3) >> endobj 143 0 obj (3.3 Experimental Results) endobj 145 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.3.1) >> endobj 147 0 obj (3.3.1 Document Similarity) endobj 149 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.3.2) >> endobj 151 0 obj (3.3.2 Query Formulation) endobj 153 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.3.3) >> endobj 155 0 obj (3.3.3 Stemming) endobj 157 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.3.4) >> endobj 159 0 obj (3.3.4 Blind Relevance Feedback) endobj 161 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.3.3.5) >> endobj 163 0 obj (3.3.5 Passage-Based Retrieval) endobj 165 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.3.4) >> endobj 167 0 obj (3.4 Conclusions) endobj 168 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.3.4) >> endobj 170 0 obj (4 \040 Minimal Span Weighting) endobj 172 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.4.1) >> endobj 174 0 obj (4.1 Related Work) endobj 176 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.4.2) >> endobj 178 0 obj (4.2 Minimal Span Weighting) endobj 180 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.4.2.1) >> endobj 182 0 obj (4.2.1 Definition of Minimal Span Weighting) endobj 184 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.4.2.2) >> endobj 186 0 obj (4.2.2 Computing Minimal Matching Spans) endobj 188 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.4.3) >> endobj 190 0 obj (4.3 Experimental Results) endobj 192 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.4.3.1) >> endobj 194 0 obj (4.3.1 Individual Query Performance) endobj 196 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.4.3.2) >> endobj 198 0 obj (4.3.2 The Effect of Coordination Level Matching) endobj 200 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.4.4) >> endobj 202 0 obj (4.4 Spans and Answerhood) endobj 204 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.4.5) >> endobj 206 0 obj (4.5 Conclusions) endobj 207 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.4.5) >> endobj 209 0 obj (5 \040 Learning Query Term Selection) endobj 211 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.1) >> endobj 213 0 obj (5.1 Related Work) endobj 215 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.2) >> endobj 217 0 obj (5.2 Optimal Query Term Selection) endobj 219 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.3) >> endobj 221 0 obj (5.3 Computing Query Term Weights) endobj 223 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.4) >> endobj 225 0 obj (5.4 Representing Terms by Sets of Features) endobj 227 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.5) >> endobj 229 0 obj (5.5 Machine Learning Approaches) endobj 231 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.6) >> endobj 233 0 obj (5.6 Experimental Results) endobj 235 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.5.6.1) >> endobj 237 0 obj (5.6.1 Model Tree Generation) endobj 239 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.5.6.2) >> endobj 241 0 obj (5.6.2 Retrieval Effectiveness of Learned Term Weights) endobj 243 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.7) >> endobj 245 0 obj (5.7 Conclusions) endobj 246 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.5.7) >> endobj 248 0 obj (6 \040 Query Expansion for Specific Question Classes) endobj 250 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.6.1) >> endobj 252 0 obj (6.1 Related Work) endobj 254 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.6.2) >> endobj 256 0 obj (6.2 Query Expansion) endobj 258 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.6.3) >> endobj 260 0 obj (6.3 Structured Querying) endobj 262 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.6.3.1) >> endobj 264 0 obj (6.3.1 Global Document Similarity) endobj 266 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.6.3.2) >> endobj 268 0 obj (6.3.2 Minimal Span Weighting for Structured Queries) endobj 270 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.6.4) >> endobj 272 0 obj (6.4 Experimental Results) endobj 274 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.6.5) >> endobj 276 0 obj (6.5 Conclusions) endobj 277 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.6.5) >> endobj 279 0 obj (7 \040 Evaluating Retrieval within Tequesta) endobj 281 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.7.1) >> endobj 283 0 obj (7.1 Related Work) endobj 285 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.7.2) >> endobj 287 0 obj (7.2 Architecture of the Tequesta System) endobj 289 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.7.2.1) >> endobj 291 0 obj (7.2.1 Question Analysis) endobj 293 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.7.2.2) >> endobj 295 0 obj (7.2.2 Document Retrieval) endobj 297 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.7.2.3) >> endobj 299 0 obj (7.2.3 Document Analysis) endobj 301 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.7.2.4) >> endobj 303 0 obj (7.2.4 Answer Selection) endobj 305 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.7.3) >> endobj 307 0 obj (7.3 Experimental Results) endobj 309 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.7.3.1) >> endobj 311 0 obj (7.3.1 Evaluation Criteria) endobj 313 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.7.3.2) >> endobj 315 0 obj (7.3.2 Minimal Span Weighting within Tequesta) endobj 317 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (subsection.7.3.3) >> endobj 319 0 obj (7.3.3 Expanding Measurement Questions within Tequesta) endobj 321 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.7.4) >> endobj 323 0 obj (7.4 Conclusions) endobj 324 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.7.4) >> endobj 326 0 obj (8 \040 Conclusions) endobj 328 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.8.1) >> endobj 330 0 obj (8.1 Recapitulation) endobj 332 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.8.2) >> endobj 334 0 obj (8.2 Future Directions) endobj 335 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (section.8.2) >> endobj 337 0 obj (Bibliography) endobj 339 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (chapter*.45) >> endobj 341 0 obj (Index) endobj 342 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D (chapter*.45) >> endobj 344 0 obj (Summary in Dutch) endobj 346 0 obj << /S /GoTo /D [345 0 R /Fit ] >> endobj 350 0 obj << /Length 351 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xڍPn0AHѢ4&B[ѡH@m~丯C
> endobj
1 0 obj
<< /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 24 /breve /caron /circumflex /dotaccent /hungarumlaut /ogonek /ring /tilde 39 /quotesingle 96 /grave 128 /bullet /dagger /daggerdbl /ellipsis /emdash /endash /florin /fraction /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /minus /perthousand /quotedblbase /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright /quotesinglbase /trademark /fi /fl /Lslash /OE /Scaron /Ydieresis /Zcaron /dotlessi /lslash /oe /scaron /zcaron 164 /currency 166 /brokenbar 168 /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine 172 /logicalnot /.notdef /registered /macron /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute /mu 183 /periodcentered /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine 188 /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters 192 /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis ] >>
endobj
2 0 obj
<< /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /ZaDb /BaseFont /ZapfDingbats >>
endobj
3 0 obj
<< /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /Helv /BaseFont /Helvetica /Encoding 1 0 R >>
endobj
4 0 obj
<< /Fields [] /DR << /Font << /ZaDb 2 0 R /Helv 3 0 R >> >> /DA (/Helv 10 Tf 0 g ) /NeedAppearances true >>
endobj
348 0 obj <<
/D [345 0 R /XYZ 89.291 762.751 null]
>> endobj
347 0 obj <<
/D [345 0 R /XYZ 89.291 722.176 null]
>> endobj
349 0 obj <<
/Font << /F27 352 0 R >>
/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ]
>> endobj
357 0 obj <<
/Length 358 0 R
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
x3T0 BCKK=#C#s3#=sSC\.t;!TER&kffgjiB "endstream
endobj
358 0 obj
66
endobj
356 0 obj <<
/Type /Page
/Contents 357 0 R
/Resources 355 0 R
/MediaBox [0 0 595.911 842.737]
/Parent 353 0 R
>> endobj
354 0 obj <<
/D [356 0 R /XYZ 99.212 762.751 null]
>> endobj
355 0 obj <<
/ProcSet [ /PDF ]
>> endobj
362 0 obj <<
/Length 363 0 R
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
xڍQ=O0+nl_Ύ?F( ͆H4$~=yw(YA3!Un2菢ޢ69(NoCyzh1
MSHƀ.EX1較b?٪s%9ͮnDk}?w C%A#ۮ]TGlЫ+ JߑS>Ms2,_I(B/F;F1v^N˶M=ؤ%DZ8.fJո-]_13q3endstream
endobj
363 0 obj
289
endobj
361 0 obj <<
/Type /Page
/Contents 362 0 R
/Resources 360 0 R
/MediaBox [0 0 595.911 842.737]
/Parent 353 0 R
>> endobj
359 0 obj <<
/D [361 0 R /XYZ 89.291 762.751 null]
>> endobj
360 0 obj <<
/Font << /F27 352 0 R /F31 352 0 R /F32 352 0 R >>
/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ]
>> endobj
367 0 obj <<
/Length 368 0 R
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
xڍTn0+tшN*F聑eWK/EҩԨHa@q7C=P$ #
`( ;
GP30f0BLjPɧ4X^2"Bz^-b`t6o:r+ygb!G9HPn|( ȴ&Dy|3 % \ߠgr"@`1-wEq`}^Q|ѥyAѝ]Ǻs)Ͼ~+.;;WYf1
_rbp張?@c@$KXN湱T
DYdx