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Biscuit conditionals (BCs) are certain non-standard conditionals named
after Austin's famous example: ``There are biscuits on the sideboard,
if you want them.'' Although conditional constructions on the surface,
BCs lack the standard reading of conditionals: it is commonly held
that the IF-clause...
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According to the optimal assertions approach of Benz and van Rooij,
conversational implicatures can be calculated based on the assumption
that a given signal was optimal, i.e. that it was the sender's best
choice if she assumes, purely hypothetically, a particular naive
receiver interpretation be...
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In this paper we study the computational complexity of reciprocal
sentences with quantified antecedents. We observe a computational
dichotomy between different interpretations of reciprocity and its
connection with Strong Meaning Hypothesis.
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We give a semantic characterization for unifiability and
non-unifiablity in the extensions of K4. We apply this in particular
to extensions of KD4, GL and K4.3 to obtaina syntactic
characterization and prove decidability for these logics. For that
purpose we use universal models.
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The paper discusses discrete frames as an attractive semantics for
modal logic. We study questions of completeness, persistence, duality
and definability. Notions of completeness, strong global completeness
and complexity of dual varieties coincide for discrete frames;
moreover, they are equivale...
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Recent research on unsupervised grammar induction has focused on
inducing accurate bracketing of sentences. Here we present an
efficient, Bayesian algorithm for the unsupervised induction of
syntactic categories from such bracketed text. Our model gives
state-of-the-art results on this task, usin...
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This is a chapter in the forthcoming "Five Questions" book
edited by Luciano Floridi (Oxford) in the series initiated
by Vincent Hendricks, Automatic Press, Roskilde, Denmark.
It contains my personal views on the emergence of the field
of 'informatics', and the growing importance of the notion
...
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This is a light discussion of how games can model
quite different aspects of natural language use,
the various connections with logic which arise
in this way, and the interactive architecture
of combined games which is needed to this end.
The text will appear as a commentary to Gabriel
Sandu...
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Many current game logics only describe players' powers
to achieve certain final outcomes. This paper surveys
many different scenarios where it makes sense to also
bring the strategies themselves explicitly into the
logic, and it sketches the many new research problems
which arise then. The t...
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Information occurs in logic in several major guises:
information as range (epistemic logic), information
as correlation (situation theory), and information
as code (proof theory). These representations go hand
in hand with information-transforming processes, such
as observation, learning, com...
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'Natural logic' is the idea that much human inference
can be based on natural language surface form, which
(hopefully) reflects fast human computational-cognitive
mechanisms. This paper was written at the invitation of
the computational linguists at Stanford, who are using
light inference mech...