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This is an introduction to computational social choice, covering
preference aggregation, voting and fair division.
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We develop a formal model of opinion polls in elections and study how
they influence the voting behaviour of the participating agents, and
thereby election outcomes. This approach is particularly relevant to
the study of collective decision making by means of voting in
multiagent systems, where i...
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Formal narrative representation is a procedure assigning a formal description
to a natural language narrative. In general, it is a human procedure, and one
of the goals of "computational models of narrative" is to understand this
procedure better in order to automatise it. In order to be au...
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Second order logic was originally considered as an innocuous variant
of first order logic in the works of Hilbert. Later study reveals that
the analogy with first order logic does not do full justice to second
order logic. Quine famously referred to second order logic as "set
theory in disguise"....
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We present an experimental approach to determining natural dimensions
of story comparison. The results show that untrained test subjects
generally do not privilege structural information. When asked to
justify sameness ratings, they may refer to content, but when asked to
state differences, they ...
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A formal narrative representation is a procedure assigning a formal
description to a natural language narrative. One of the goals of the
computational models of narrative community is to understand this
procedure better in order to automatize it. A formal framework fit for
automatization should a...
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Some formal systems of narrative aim to represent those features that
belong to faithful summaries of the narrative. In this paper, we
compare data obtained in two experiments by means of an event mapping:
summaries by untrained test subjects and annotations of test subjects
trained in the narrat...
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Under approval voting, each voter can nominate as many candidates as
she wishes and the election winners are those candidates that are
nominated most often. A voter is said to have voted sincerely if she
prefers all those candidates she nominated to all other candidates. As
there can be a set of ...
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In preference aggregation a set of individuals express preferences
over a set of alternatives, and these preferences have to be
aggregated into a collective preference. When preferences are
represented as orders, aggregation procedures are called social
welfare functions. Classical results in soc...
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It is no overstatement to say that, from an evolutionary point of
view, language is the most striking aspect of the human phenotype and
cries out for an evolutionary explanation.
What could an evolutionary explanation for language look like?
It's worthwhile to step back a bit and first consider...
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Computers can be used for many different purposes in linguistic
research. They can be used for data storage and search. They can be
used as devices for speech analysis or synthesis. They can be used to
present linguistic stimuli to subjects and record their responses. In
all these applications, c...