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Hierarchical Phrase-Based SMT models are compositional by reliance on a formal, Synchronous Context-Free Grammar. There is however no guarantee that target-side translations are compositional. Linguistic enrichment methods often exploit syntactic cues for better target rewritings or source-side r...
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The thesis characterises logic as a formal presentation of a guide to undertaking a rational practice, a guide which is itself constituted by epistemic norms and their consequences. There in general may be more than one "good" presentation, more than one "good" practice, and more than one way to ...
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In the modern world, people make decisions together every day: they participate in elections, boards of companies, juries of courts, and social activities amongst friends. Accurately capturing such fine-grained human behaviour is essential, not only for directly improving the choices made by peop...
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This dissertation aims at the logical modelling of aspects of human reasoning, informed by facts on the bounds of human cognition. We break down this challenge into three parts: Part I, explaining why the design of such logical systems is a worthwhile project; Parts II and III, providing logical ...
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Structured data is abundant in the world, as is the multitude of NLP applications seeking to perform inferences over such data. Despite their success, modern neural network models often struggle to incorporate structured information. In this thesis, we investigate how to build effective neural ne...
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In this thesis, we study abstract and concrete type theories. We introduce an abstract notion of a type theory to obtain general results in the semantics of type theories, but we also provide a syntactic way of presenting a type theory to allow us a further investigation into a concrete type theo...
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Non-symbolic computation (as, e.g., in biological and artificial neural networks) is astonishingly good at learning and processing noisy real-world data. However, it lacks the kind of understanding we have of symbolic computation (as, e.g., specified by programming languages). Just like symbolic ...
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This thesis examines strategic manipulation in three areas of social choice theory - single-winner voting, multiwinner voting, and judgment aggregation. It is widely accepted that strategyproofness often does not play nice with other axioms. While we would like our aggregation methods to be strat...
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In this dissertation, I study an under-appreciated type of introspection that helps explain how we can come to know the world around us. Much of today's epistemology can be traced back to the work of Rene Descartes, and to the skeptical challenge he posed: what can we know beyond doubt? A longsta...
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Interactions between people are a defining feature of social life. Our actions tend to be reactions to what others have done, while others again respond to our behavior. This never-ending entanglement can be observed across a wide range of settings including exchange of information, spread of opi...
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This dissertation is an in-depth discussion of the theory and applications of span programs. These objects, first introduced in the context of classical counting branching programs by Karchmer and Wigderson, are a model of computation (i.e. they encode 2-output functions) and can be compiled into...